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grim
nenea sefu'
 
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Substantivul
Substantivul, in limba engleza, are patru genuri: - genul bărbătesc = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen masculin (boy, man, son , brother, king) - genul feminin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen feminin (woman, mother, girl, wife, sister) - gen neutru = substantivele care denumesc obiecte si animale (dog, , purse, window, cat) - genul comun = substantivele care au aceeasi forma atat la masculin cat si la feminin (teacher, doctor, friend, author) Deosebirea dintre substantivele feminine si masculine se face astfel: - se foloseste cuvinte variate pentru feminin si masculin : Feminin Masculin aunt = matusa uncle = unchi daughter = fiica son = fiu girl = fata boy = baiat hen = gaina cock = cocos nice = nepoata nephew = nepot sister = sora brother = frate mother = mama father = tata wife = sotie husband = sot woman = femeie man = barbat - se adauga un sufix: prince - princess actor - actress waiter - waitress - pentru locuitorii unei tari, terminate in sh si ch, genul persoanei se indica întrebuințând cuvintele: man si woman. an Englishman - an Englishwoman a Romanianmam - a Romanianwoman Pluralul substantivelor : 1)- In general se realizeaza adaugand "-s" la substantivul la singular: cat + "s" = cats dog + "s" = dogs 2)- pentru substantivele terminate in "s", "x", "sh", "ch","zh", "z" sau "j" pluralul se formeaza adugand "-es" sau "-s", daca substantivul se termina in "e" mut. bus + "es" = buses box + "es" = boxes dish + "es" = dishes church + "es" = churches mirage + "s" = mirages prize + "s" = prizes bridge + "s" = bridges 3)- a) - pentru substantive terminate in "y" pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-s", daca "y" final este precedat de o vocala(a, e, i, o, u). boy + "s" = boys - b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "y", unde "y" final este precedat de o consoana, pluralul substantivelor se formeaza astfe: se transforma "y" in "i" si apoi se adauga "-es" baby - y + "s" = babies 4)- a) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-s", daca "o" este precedat de o vocala (a, e, i, o, u). radio + "s" = radios - b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", unde "o" este precedat de o consoana, pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-es". tomato + "es" = tomatoes Atentie : - pentru substantivele legate (referitoare) de muzica - pot forma pluralul adaugand "-s", chiar daca "o" este precedat de o consoana piano + "s" = pianos 5)-pentru substantivele terminate in "f" sau "fe", pluralul substantivelor se face adaugand "-s". roof + "s" = roofs giraffe + "s" = giraffes - Exista exceptii la aceasta regula.Unele substantive terminate in "f" sau "fe" fac pluralul schimband pe "f" in "-ves". Iara aceste exceptii : calf - calves = vitel/ vitei elf- elves = spiridusi/i half - halves = jumatate/jumatati knife - knives = cutit/cutite leaf - leaves = frunza/frunze loaf - loaves = franzela,paine/franzele life - lives = viata/vieti penknife - penknife = briceag/bricege sheaf - sheaves = snop/snopi staff - staves = portativ scarf - scarves = esarfa, fular/esarfe,fulare - dar si scarfs self - selves = ins, fiinta shelf - shelves = raft/rafturi thief - thieves = hot/hoti wolf - wolves = lup/lupi wife - wives = sotie/sotii 6)- urmatoarele substantive nu respecta nici o regula in formarea pluralelor : Singular Plural alga algae alumna alumnae alumnus alumni antenna (on a bug's head) antennae antenna (on a television) antennas appendix appendixes, appendices bacterium bacteria bison bison buffalo buffalos, buffaloes, buffalo bus buses, busses cactus cacti, cactuses child children corps corps criterion criteria crisis crises datum data deer deer die dice dwarf dwarfs, dwarves foot feet fish fish, fishes goose geese half halves hippopotamus hippopotami, hippopotamuses hoof hoofs, hooves louse lice man men medium media memorandum memoranda moose moose mouse mice octopus octopi, octopuses, octopodes ox oxen scarf scarves, scarfs series series sheep sheep staff (stick or line for charting music) staves staff (group of workers) staffs stegosaurus stegosauri swine swine talisman talismans tooth teeth wharf wharfs, wharves woman women Afla pluralul substantivelor accesand acest link |
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Ultima modificare efectuata de catre grim la 08/10/2007 00:02, modificat de 1 data in total _________________ ..............................::::::::::::::::::...................... -=[ i wish the sky would cry snowflakes ]=- ..............................::::::::::::::::::...................... -=[ live rock radio www.live-rock.ecfteam.ro ]=- ..............................::::::::::::::::::......................
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